Iran Medical CouncilJournal of Iranian Medical Council2645-338X3320200701Effect of COVID-19 on Research: The Peer-review Process and Ethical Issues must not be Neglected113114119993ENAhmadShamabadiPsychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranShahinAkhondzadehPsychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200915https://www.jimc.ir/article_119993_3e357ae9126fcefb229173a6d339d826.pdfIran Medical CouncilJournal of Iranian Medical Council2645-338X3320200701Frequency of Sexual Dysfunctions and Behaviors Among Women Attending Health Care Centers in West of Tehran115122119994ENNasibeEftekhariDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMehrdadEftekharDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMansourSalehiDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMaryamRasoulianMental Health Research Center, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry- School of Behavioral Science and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMasoudAhmadzad AslMental Health Research Center, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry- School of Behavioral Science and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-3864-0268NooshinKhademolrezaDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMaryamSoltai Ramezan ZadehFaculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSeyed FakhrodinArmanFaculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200505Abstract <br />Background: Sexual dysfunction is a common problem among women visiting psychiatrists. This study was performed to determine the frequency of sexual dysfunctions and behaviors among women attending health care centers of Iran University of Medical Sciences which are located in the west of Tehran. The association between these dysfunctions and different variables was assessed. The number of participants who thought their partners had sexual dysfunctions was determined. The study was performed from Oct 2017 until Oct 2018.<br />Methods: In this observational descriptive cross-sectional survey, 400 women attending health care centers of Iran University of Medical Sciences from Oct 2017 to Oct 2018 were enrolled and the frequency of sexual dysfunctions and behaviors among them and their partners was determined by Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Quality of Sexual Function (QSF) questionnaire. Their general health was assessed by General Heath Questionnaire (GHQ).<br />Results: In this study, the mean age of participants was 37.5 years and their mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 28.5 kg/m. Totally, 223 subjects (55.8%) had sexual dysfunctions, including satisfaction (42.5%), pain (36.8%), desire (28.5%), arousal (25%), lubrication (29.8%) and orgasm disorder (30.5%). The frequency of sexual dysfunction was not significantly related to age, BMI, mood disorder, psychosomatic problems, general health and somatic problems (p>0.05) and 8% of participants had masturbated at least once in their life.<br />Conclusion: It may be concluded that more than half of women attending health care centers had sexual dysfunctions in which satisfaction disorder was the most prevalent one.<br />Also, 43% of participants thought that their partners had sexual dysfunction. These rates are high and would require further attention and assessment.<br /><br />https://www.jimc.ir/article_119994_20ba52c3af9494e615a54cbd2c1fc00a.pdfIran Medical CouncilJournal of Iranian Medical Council2645-338X3320200701Social Skills and Student Organization Activities: A Cross-sectional Study Among Medical Students of Tehran123130119997ENSeyed Mohammad HosseinMahmoodiMental Health Research Center, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-0414-4955SiminKhamoushiStudent Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMaryamFarajiStudent Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNiloofarKhosraviStudent Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAmir HosseinJalali NadoushanMental Health Research Center, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200328Abstract<br /><strong>Background:</strong> Lack of effective training and practice of social skills in childhood in many communities necessitates finding costless solutions to improve these skills in adulthood. Healthcare staff may especially benefit from such advantages regarding their professional needs. Organized activity involvement can improve children social competence; such relationship, however, is not well known in adults. As the first step, the association of university student organization activity involvement and social skills level was evaluated in medical students.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> In this analytical cross-sectional study, a total of 205 female and male medical students from any grade and ethnicity, were selected by stratified random sampling from medical schools of two main universities of medical sciences of Tehran, the capital of Iran. Social competence of students was assessed by using Social Skills Inventory along with history of involvement in student organization activities and outside university group activities.<br /><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant difference between social skills scores of students with and without a history of involvement in university student organization activities was detected (p=0.028). In students with such history, a positive correlation was found between social skills scores and total hours of participation in activities (r=0.206, p=0.035). A significant difference was also found between social skills scores of students involved and not involved in group activities outside the university (p <0.001).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Medical students taking part in organized activities had significantly more social skills scores —the more active they were, the more social competence they reported. Future longitudinal researches can investigate causality and may suggest organized activity involvement for adults who experienced no effective social skills training in childhood which is a common problem in developing communities.<br /> https://www.jimc.ir/article_119997_0f5a3ece4c534b941a6970ca084e9405.pdfIran Medical CouncilJournal of Iranian Medical Council2645-338X3320200701Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition in Patients Admitted to Referral Teaching Hospital and Comparison of Their Effects with Existing Standards131138119998ENHosseinAfshariDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMajidShohratiDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranKarimParastoueiFaculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-8087-663XMahdiMashhadi Akbar BoojarDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranStudent Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-2002-9332Journal Article20200412Abstract<br />Background: Proper nutrition is a basic requirement for all hospitalized patients, particularly critically ill patients who, for various reasons, are not able to maintain their nutritional status. Nutritional support is an essential component of care in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients and it is commonly performed in two ways of enteral and parenteral nutrition. The present investigation aimed to investigate the nutritional status of this group of patients in comparison with existing standards.<br />Methods: In this study, 50 critically ill patients receiving nutritional support (42 patients were on enteral nutrition and 8 on parenteral) in a referral teaching hospital of Iran were investigated. Each patient was assessed individually and nutritional requirements including calorie and protein were calculated based on age, sex, height, weight, and the stress and activity factors. The total daily energy and protein were compared to standard calculated values. T-test was used to evaluate the differences between separate groups and p Results: Data showed that 70% of patients in the enteral group did not receive enough calories while only 7% obtained the required protein. In the parenteral group, none of the patients received enough calories or protein. <br />Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that hospitalized ICU patients receive very poor nutritional support and greater attention should be paid to preventing possible malnutrition-related complications.<br /><br />https://www.jimc.ir/article_119998_da70ebd683030a669cc35e33fb389817.pdfIran Medical CouncilJournal of Iranian Medical Council2645-338X3320200701The Effect of Mothers’ Psycho-education on Tendency to Indirect Self-Destructive Behavior Among Female Adolescents Attempting Suicide139147120000ENArashManiSubstance Abuse Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranMahshidRahimiDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranSeyed AliDastgheibResearch Center for Psychiatry and Behavior Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranElnazChohedriResearch Center for Psychiatry and Behavior Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20200403Abstract <br />Background: Indirect self-destructive behaviors have attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. This study explored the effectiveness of mothers’ psycho-education in reducing indirect self-destructive behaviors in suicidal female adolescents.<br />Methods: Totally, 42 Iranian girls aged 12-17 years who attempted suicide during the period of September 2014 till March 2015 and their mothers were selected from pediatric emergency ward of Nemazee Hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and randomly divided into experimental (n=21) and control (n=21) groups. Both groups received the usual psychiatric treatment and a psycho-educational program was arranged for mothers of experimental group. The psycho-educational program consisted of four 45-min sessions held for two weeks. The Chronic Self-Destructive Scale (CSDS) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (Parent and self-report forms) were used to assess subjects’ indirect self-destructive behaviors and emotional and behavioral problems at baseline, post-test, and 3 months later.<br />Results: The scores of CSDS and SDQ (Parent and self-report) decreased significantly during the trial (p <0.001). The trend of decrease in the two groups was statistically significant (p <0.001). Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significantly reduced mean score in CSDS and SDQ in self and parent report both in post-test and after 3 months’ follow-up.<br />Conclusion: These results suggest that psycho-educational intervention for mothers can reduce the tendency to indirect self-destructive behaviors in Iranian female adolescents who had attempted suicide.<br /><br />https://www.jimc.ir/article_120000_5344237ad06253d47cee9a4c091aa663.pdfIran Medical CouncilJournal of Iranian Medical Council2645-338X3320200701Prevalence of Personality Disorders in Patients with HIV Infection Referred to Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran148153120002ENSeyedAhmadSeyedAlinaghiIranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAliAsadollahi-AminIranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAbbasBoosirazIranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranParvinMirzaeiDepartment of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranRaziehRahimiIranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranLeilaTajIranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranOmidDadrasDepartment of Health Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan0000-0001-9385-2170AlirezaBarzegaryIranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200410<span lang="EN-US">Abstract</span><br /><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">HIV infection affects all aspects of life, including physical, psychological, social, and even spiritual. Personality disorders can also contribute to the disease through high-risk behaviors and recognizing them could be beneficial in designing programs to prevent HIV in the community. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of personality disorders in patients with HIV infection.</span><br /><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> Totally, 100 HIV-infected patients who were registered and treated at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran were recruited. Subjects were assessed by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) called the Mini-Mult and the demographic questionnaire. SPSS software (Version 22) was used to analyze the data.</span><br /><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> Based on the scales for hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria, antisocial personality disorders, paranoid personality disorder, psychasthenia, schizophrenia, and mania, 40, 5, 25, 23.3, 18.3, 28.3, 28.3, and 8.3% of patients had scores above 70, respectively. The highest prevalence of personality disorder with T scores above 70 belongs to hypochondriasis with a prevalence of 40% and the lowest prevalence of personality disorders with T scores above 70 belongs to depression (5%).</span><br /><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusion:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US">The findings indicate that the prevalence of personality disorders in people living with HIV (PLWH) is higher than the general population with the highest prevalence for hypochondriasis and the lowest prevalence for depression. Therefore, future policies are better to consider such personality disorders in formulating programs and interventions to improve HIV care and treatment. </span><br /> https://www.jimc.ir/article_120002_98e8e5d9fb7d1f55d0ab70b7ffbca62b.pdfIran Medical CouncilJournal of Iranian Medical Council2645-338X3320200701Coronary Complications of Kawasaki Disease: Novel Diagnosis Based on Z-score and Absolute Dimension154162120006ENPashaMosaedDepartment of Pediatrics, Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranAkefehAhmadiafsharDepartment of Pediatrics, Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran0000-0002-9202-6915Seyed Ali NaghiKazemiDepartment of Pediatrics, Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranMohammad JavadHajkazemiFaculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranSaeidLotfiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMahdiHosseiniDepartment of Pediatrics, Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran0000-0002-1962-4521Journal Article20200416Abstract<br /><strong>Background:</strong> Kawasaki Disease or KD (also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome) is an acute, febrile, mucocutaneous condition accompanied by swelling of cervical lymph nodes in infants and young children. Regarding serious coronary complications of the disease, the coronary effects and consequences of the disease in KD diagnosed children were investigated at Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital of Zanjan during 2013 to 2017.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a cross-sectional study in which 40 diagnosed cases of KD were evaluated from 2013 to 2017. At the time of diagnosis and 2 to 4 years later, the necessary measures were taken to check cardiovascular complications. After documenting informed consent, the patients underwent follow up echocardiography and electrocardiography. The data analysis was performed by statistical software, SPSS-18.<br /><strong>Results: </strong>Totally,21 patients participated in the follow up. The results were analyzed and compared based on coronary artery dimension and Z-score reference values. Next, left coronary artery size was calculated in primary echocardiography based on Z-score in terms of body surface area. In primary echocardiography, Left Coronary Artery (LCA) size was within the reference range in 36 patients (90%) and abnormalities were observed in 4 patients (10%). In the follow up echocardiography, 21 patients revisited (2 of the 4 patients with abnormal findings) and all of them were reported to be within the reference range (p=0.02). Regarding Right Coronary Artery (RCA), findings from primary echocardiography were normal in 38 patients (95%) and abnormal in 2 patients (5%), and based on follow up echocardiography, RCA sizes of all patients were in reference range (p=0.15).Interestingly, 2 patients were within the normal range based on coronary artery dimension, but were included in the dilation range using the Z-score; also, 2 patients who were in the dilated coronary artery range measured by the coronary artery dimension criterion, were included in the normal range by the Z-score.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> To prevent missed diagnosis and further complications, it is recommended to use standard Z-score based on body surface area to diagnose coronary artery aneurysm in addition to merely measuring the diameter of the vessels.<br /> https://www.jimc.ir/article_120006_c3101780f81c15ad09ad901e98c68fc4.pdfIran Medical CouncilJournal of Iranian Medical Council2645-338X3320200701Object Relations and Vulnerability to Substance Abuse Relapse among Addicts Visiting Narcotics Anonymous Centers in Qom City, 2018163167120009ENMohammad JavadKhademiDepartment of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, Iran0000-0002-6828-2003NaderMonirpoorDepartment of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom, IranZeynabEbrahimiDepartment of Psychology and Exceptional Children Education, Faculty of Psychology and educations, Tehran University, Tehran, IranVahidRashediSchool of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-3972-3789Journal Article20200710<span lang="EN-US">Abstract</span><br /><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">Substance abuse is a chronic disorder that has been a major social problem in most countries in recent decades. This study aimed to investigate the object relations and vulnerability to substance abuse relapse among addicts visiting Narcotics Anonymous Centers.</span><br /><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> In a cross-sectional study, 385 addicts who visited Narcotics Anonymous Centers in Qom city were entered. A demographic questionnaire, Timeline Followback Interview, and Bell Object Relations Inventory were used to gather the required data and SPSS-21 was used to analyze the data. </span><br /><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> In general, 61.5 and 92.2 percent of participants were married and employed, respectively. There was a significant positive relationship between subscales of alienation, insecure attachment, egocentricity (p < 0.001), and vulnerability to substance relapse. </span><br /><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusion:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> According to findings, it seems that patterns of relation with initial objects and damages incurred by failure in objects-driven need expressions may have deep effects on people’s future life trajectories, mainly substance abuse and its relapse. </span><br /><strong><span lang="EN-US"> </span></strong>https://www.jimc.ir/article_120009_9a36ff6edf42edd904855c78f0f516c6.pdfIran Medical CouncilJournal of Iranian Medical Council2645-338X3320200701Factors Affecting the Academic Failure of Pharmacy Students at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences168174120010ENMohsenMinaiyanDepartment of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMahdiMashhadi Akbar BoojarHealth Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-2002-9332SafiehAghaabdollahianHealth Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMahdiBagheriHealth Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200520Abstract<br /><strong>Background:</strong> One of the major problems in educational systems is academic failure in students’ education during their course of study. The lack of control of this decline, especially in medical sciences, leads to a decrease in the scientific level and the efficiency of medical students. This study aimed to determine the main causes of academic failure among pharmacy students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 85 students were selected randomly in the School of Pharmacy at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. A valid and reliable questionnaire of students’ demographic and educational information and their opinions about the factors related to academic failure, including family, student, teacher, educational environment, educational content, and socio-economic factors were collected. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation, and student T tests.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The total rate of academic failure in the studied population was 9.66%. Also, the rate in non-quota students, regional quota students, in males and females were 20, 6.92, 51.16, and 48.84%, respectively. The main causes of academic failure were educational content, teacher, student, educational environment, family, social factors, and economic factors, respectively from the viewpoint of the students.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that the first factor of academic failure in pharmacy education based on the opinion of students is about the content of pharmacy education. The educational system in comparison to the community and family is a more effective factor in academic failure.<br /> https://www.jimc.ir/article_120010_59fdaa1eb7d8c2ae19f3e0444d9d1faa.pdf