Iran Medical CouncilJournal of Iranian Medical Council2645-338X4120210101Behavioral and Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Treatment Among Older Patients Receiving Medical Care for HIV Infection in Iran16128257http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/jimc.v4i1.5734ENMehrnazRasoolinejadIranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, IranAliAsadollahi-AminIranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, IranFatemeGhadimiIranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, IranMasoudehMojahedIranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, IranOmidDadrasDepartment of Global Health and Socioepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 215789652, Japan0000-0001-9385-2170BanafeshehMoradmand-BadieBlack Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, AustraliaMaliheHassan NezhadIranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, IranSeyedAhmadSeyedAlinaghiIranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal ArticleBackground: Although the number of new HIV infections continues to decline in Iran, the number of HIV-infected patients aged ≥50 years continues to rise due to the introduction of new treatment and longer survival. The higher prevalence of medical comorbidities and treatment failure in this population is a critical challenge in HIV treatment. In the present study, prevalence of comorbidities, rate of response to treatment, and results of HIV drug resistance tests were explored in older patients. <br />Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary referral HIV center in Tehran, Iran. The data for all the HIV-positive patients older than 50 years old were collected by reviewing their medical records within the last 15 years. Data included demographic and behavioral characteristics, immunologic and virologic response, rate of treatment failure, and HIV resistance. <br />Results: The records for 100 patients with a mean age of 62.5 (range 50-79) years were reviewed and analyzed. Medical comorbidities were observed in 20% of the patients, with HCV co-infection, diabetes mellitus, and neuropsychiatric impairments being the most common. Complete immunologic and virologic responses were respectively observed in 88 and 97% of patients. The treatment regimen was modified in 66 patients, with drug side effects being the reason in 63 patients (95.4%). HIV drug resistance tests showed a low rate of resistance (<10%) to all drugs used in this population. <br />Conclusion: Our findings highlight the high prevalence of comorbidities in older HIV-positive individuals in Iran. A thorough endocrine and neuropsychiatric assessment at each visit is recommended for these patients. Access to an appropriate psychosocial support system will ensure earlier detection of HIV infection and comorbidities in the older population, and will undoubtedly improve the treatment outcome and quality of life among them. <br /><br />https://www.jimc.ir/article_128257_2053a19840bca72e34d6fe3781421d94.pdfIran Medical CouncilJournal of Iranian Medical Council2645-338X4120210101Unexpected Neonatal Jaundice as an Early Diagnostic sign of Urinary Tract Infection711128258http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/jimc.v4i1.5736ENSetarehSaghebDepartment of Neonatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranZibaMosayebiDepartment of Neonatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranZahraNiksereshtDepartment of Neonatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200910Background: Determination of contributing factors for jaundice would result in better programming for prevention. This study was performed to determine the prevalence rate of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) among neonates with jaundice admitted in Arash Hospital from October 2013 to October 2014.<br />Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, term neonates with non-hemolytic jaundice admitted in Arash Hospital from October 2013 to October 2014 were evaluated for UTI by urine culture and the data were recorded by checklist using medical documents.<br />Results: A total of 436 term infants were enrolled in the study. Mean age at the time of admission was 6.03±3.355 days with age range of 3-18 days including 291(0.66%) males and 145(0.33%) females. Urine culture was positive in 32 neonates (7.3%).<br />The most common germs were Klebsiella in 37.5%, Escherichia coli (E. coli) in 21.9%, Staphylococcus in 9.4%, Pseudomonas in 3.1%, Enterococcus in 15.6%, Enterobacter in 9.4%, and Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in 3.1%.<br />Conclusion: Urine culture should be a part of routine clinical evaluation for all icteric neonates at the age of 5-6 days or more who have no risk factors to exclude the possibility of coincidental UTI.<br /><br />https://www.jimc.ir/article_128258_4b76205c93fe31a8370081b208bcb037.pdfIran Medical CouncilJournal of Iranian Medical Council2645-338X4120210101Association of Plant-Based Dietary Patterns with Migraine Headache Severity and Duration among Women1224128260http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/jimc.v4i1.5737ENMoeinAskarpourDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, IranStudents’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, IranAliSheikhiDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, IranFaezehKhorshaDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, IranLeilaSetayeshDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, IranMansourehToghaDepartment of Neurology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranHeadache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran, IranKhadijehMirzaeiDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, IranJournal Article20201004Background: Migraine is a recurrent disorder which can cause socio-economic and public health burdens. Many factors, especially dietary factors are suggested to induce migraine headaches. The aim of this study was to examine the association between plant-based dietary patterns and headache severity and duration among migraine patients. <br />Methods: A sample of two hundred and sixty-six women with migraine (18-50 years) took part in the present cross-sectional study. Dietary intake data was collected using a validated and reliable food-frequency questionnaire. Three dietary indices were evaluated including an overall plant-based diet (PDI), healthful Plant-based diet (hPDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet (uPDI). Anthropometric measurements, headache duration, Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were assessed for all cases. Multinomial logistic regression and linear regression models were used to show the association between headaches and plant-based dietary patterns. <br />Results: An inverse association between higher adherence to hPDI and severity of headaches was found based on VAS (OR=0.40; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.74; p=0.003), and severe disability based on MIDAS (OR=0.50; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.95; p=0.03). Conversely, uPDI scores were positively associated with severe headaches (OR=3.00; 95% CI: 1.72, 5.23; p <0.001), and disability (OR=2.50; 95% CI: 1.39, 4.51; p=0.001). Moreover, headaches duration showed an inverse significant association with hPDI scores (β=-0.21, 95% CI=-4.69, -1.08, p=0.002). <br />Conclusion: Plant-based diet, particularly healthful plant foods, was inversely associated with lower severity, disability and duration of headaches. In addition, unhealthy plant foods were associated with higher risk of migraine headaches.<br /><br />https://www.jimc.ir/article_128260_c850eeb5c932d04621582f20d0160138.pdfIran Medical CouncilJournal of Iranian Medical Council2645-338X4120210101Postoperative Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgeries during COVID-19 Pandemic Era2529128262http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/jimc.v4i1.5738ENMohammadTalebpourDepartment of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranHosseinZabihi MahmoudabadiDepartment of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranFazelehMajidiResearch Development Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranFezzehElyasiniaDepartment of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranHosseinAsheghDepartment of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranKaramollahToolabiDepartment of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAhmadrezaSoroushDepartment of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSeyed MehdiJalaliDepartment of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranKhosrowNajjariDepartment of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20201025Background: A novel human coronavirus (COVID-19) was reported in China at the beginning of 2020 and then emerged as a pandemic. Due to this pandemic, surgical practices changed worldwide. First, postponing elective surgeries to the end of pandemic was suggested. Therefore, conducting safe surgeries became a critical concern. <br />Methods: This is a multicenter prospective study. The data of 85 patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery in this pandemic era were recorded to evaluate their postoperative outcomes.<br />Results: Among all patients with mean age of 43.7±15.6 and mean surgical duration of 94.6 minutes, none of them showed any complication or any COVID-19 related symptoms after surgery or in follow up time. The mean hospital stay was 3.5 days.<br />Conclusion: There was no increased risk of postoperative complications and COVID-19 infection for patients undergoing various types of laparoscopic surgery in this study and laparoscopy was safe for the patients.<br /><br />https://www.jimc.ir/article_128262_f005a79f354c2402ff7726740f639a34.pdfIran Medical CouncilJournal of Iranian Medical Council2645-338X4120210101Effects of Feedback and Education on Nurses’ Clinical Competence in Mechanical Ventilation and Accurate Tidal Volume Setting3038128263http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/jimc.v4i1.5740ENSamiraNorouzrajabiSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranShahrzadGhiyasvandianSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAlirezaJeddianDigestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAliKarimi RozvehShariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranLeilaSayadiNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-7613-3051Journal Article20200930Background: Patients under mechanical ventilation are at risk of ventilator-associated complications. One of these complications is lung injury due to high tidal volume. Nurses’ competence in mechanical ventilation is critical for preventing ventilator-associated complications. This study assessed the effects of feedback and education on nurses’ clinical competence in mechanical ventilation and accurate tidal volume setting.<br />Methods: This single arm pretest-post-test interventional study was conducted in 2019 at Shariati hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences.<br />Participants were 75 conveniently selected nurses. Initially, nurses’ clinical competence in mechanical ventilation and ventilator parameters of 250 patients were assessed. A mechanical ventilation -based feedback and education intervention was implemented for nurses. Finally, mechanical ventilation clinical competence of nurses and ventilator parameters of 250 new patients were assessed. Moreover, patients’ height was estimated based on their ulna length and then, their predicted body weight was calculated using their estimated height. Accurate tidal volume was determined per predicted body weight. <br />Results: The mean score of nurses’ clinical competence increased from 8.27±3.09 at pretest to 10.07±3.34 at post-test (p <0.001). The mean values of both total tidal volume and tidal volume per kilogram of predicted body weight were significantly reduced respectively from 529.84±69.11 and 9.11±1.73 (ml) at pretest to 476.30±31.01 and 7.79±1.14 (ml) at post-test (p <0.001). <br />Conclusion: The feedback and education intervention is effective in promoting nurses’ clinical competence in mechanical ventilation and reducing tidal volume. Thereby, it can reduce lung injuries associated with high tidal volume and ensure patient safety. <br /><br />https://www.jimc.ir/article_128263_197bb2d7be535fa1d47eb42d067bee5c.pdfIran Medical CouncilJournal of Iranian Medical Council2645-338X4120210101The Influence of Demographic Features and Psychological Constructs on Observing Government-Advised Preventive Measures for COVID-19: The Case of Iran3948128264http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/jimc.v4i1.5741ENZahraTabibiDepartment of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-5648-9533ElahehAbediniDepartment of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranFatemehGholipourDepartment of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranSeyed KavehHojjatSleep Medicine Division, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranMahnazAminiSleep Medicine Division, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranLung Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-5205-4647Journal Article20200914Background: The study aimed to assess how people change their social and health-related behavior in the context of COVID-19 epidemic in Iran. To this end, the theory of planned behavior was applied for predicting compliance with government-advised preventive measures. An attempt was made to examine how groups of people in terms of age, gender, educational level, income level, marital status, and health condition were observing the government-advised preventive measures. <br />Methods: Totally, 5021 people above the age of 15 years responded to an online questionnaire that included items related to demographic features, compliance with COVID-19 preventive behavioral guidelines (home quarantine, avoiding social gathering, keeping physical distance of 1.5-2 meters, frequent hand sanitization, and avoiding shopping and outside recreation), TPB constructs (behavioral attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intentions to do the preventive behavior), and risk perception. The study was descriptive and conducted in year 2020. <br />Results: T-test, ANOVA, and correlations indicated that younger individuals, men, singles, people with lower educational levels, lower income level and no health condition reported lower compliance. Regression showed that intentions, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm were associated with higher compliance. Furthermore, in regression, young age, male gender, and lower level of education were associated with lower compliance with C-19 PB. Conclusion: Young males with lower level of education infrequently comply with government-advised preventive measures. Also, intention, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm are related to compliance with government-advised preventive measures. <br /><br />https://www.jimc.ir/article_128264_d6cf96924ececb738056b20e5cbc0587.pdfIran Medical CouncilJournal of Iranian Medical Council2645-338X4120210101Evaluating the Frequency of Ear Problems in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate4954128265http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/jimc.v4i1.5742ENFatemeMirashrafiDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-1067-4810BabakSaediDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-8059-0159MahtabRabbaniDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranGholamrezaGarmaroudiDepartment of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranRojaToosiFaculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranKosarAbouhamzehFaculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200918Background: Orofacial cleft is one of the most common congenital malformations of craniofacial region. Otitis media with effusion causing conductive hearing loss is a considerable challenge for many children with cleft lip and palate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hearing disorders and associated malformations in these patients. <br />Methods: The research population consisted of patients with cleft palate, between years 2012 and 2014, who were referred to Children’s Medical Center and Vali-e-Asr hospital in Tehran, Iran. Otoscopic examination, tympanometry, pure tone audiometry and echocardiography were performed for each patient. <br />Results: Among patients with cleft palate, 73% suffered from hearing disorders. There was no relationship between prevalence of hearing loss and sex, presence of other congenital anomalies and degree of cleft, but middle ear diseases were significantly higher in children younger than 2 years. Among patients with cleft lip or palate, 10% suffered from cleft lip, 63% suffered from cleft palate and 27% suffered from cleft lip and palate. There was at least one congenital anomaly in 53% of patients. <br />Conclusion: This study demonstrates high prevalence of otitis media with effusion and conductive hearing loss in patients with cleft. However, audiologic problems are alleviated when patients become older. https://www.jimc.ir/article_128265_6f20d0a2672387f007329176e56e6347.pdfIran Medical CouncilJournal of Iranian Medical Council2645-338X4120210101Physical Activity and Musculoskeletal Disorders among Iranian Older Adults5556128266http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/jimc.v4i1.5743ENMasoudGharibDepartment of Occupational Therapy, Orthopedic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranVahidRashediSchool of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-3972-3789Journal Article20201015The aging of the world’s population represents one of the key challenges over the next decades. Both life expectancy and the proportion of older adults are increasing; therefore, promoting and maintaining the quality of life at an older age is essential, especially in developing countries. It is estimated that one in five of the elderly population will be more than 80 years old in 2050 (1). In Iran, according to the medium-fertility variant in more recent analyses, the rate of people with the age over 60 and 65 is represented to be around 31% and 22%, respectively, in 2050 (2).https://www.jimc.ir/article_128266_088189d34ea804b314f11bc81334f32d.pdf