The effect of physical activity on salivary IgA level in 6 to 16 years old children

Document Type : Original article

Authors

1 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Pediatrics Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

2 Zanjan Metabolic Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

3 Department of Public Health ,School of Public Health Zanjan University of Medical Sciences.

4 Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: IgA is the first line of defense in the mucous membranes. The secretion of Salivary IgA depends on many factors including physical activity. The aim of this study was to detect the effects of physical activity on Salivary IgA concentration in normal children.
Material and Methods: This interventional study was conducted on 24 healthy children who were visited in Society oriented clinic of Zanjan University of medical sciences. Salivary samples were collected in three times; at the beginning of the study, one hour after 30 minutes of exercising and finally after three weeks of moderate exercises. The data were analyzed by SPSS software through statistical tests.
Results: This study included 12 girls (50%) and 12 boys (50%), with the mean age of 11.37 ± 2.9 years. The mean concentration of salivary IgA (SIgA) level at the baseline, one hour and three weeks after exercise were 51.99±10.44, 83.66±62.26 and 74.38±33.36 micrograms per milliliter respectively. We found significant rising in the SIgA after exercises. However we didn''t find significant difference in SigA levels after one hour and 3 weeks of exercises.
Discussion &Conclusions :
The sIgA level increases after an acute exercise and slowly declines with the continuation of exercise however it is still above the basic level after 3 weeks. Therefore exercises might have beneficial effect on immune regulation and prevention of infections among children.

Keywords

Main Subjects


1. Trochimiak T, Hübner-Woźniak E. Effect of exercise on the level of immunoglobulin A in saliva. Biol Sport 2012;29(4):255-61.
2. Li CY, Hsu GS, Suzuki K, Ko MH, Fang SH. Salivary immuno factors, cortisol and testosterone responses in athletes of a competitive 5,000 m race. Chin J Physiol 2015;58(4):263-9.
3. Bishop NC, Gleeson M. Acute and chronic effects of exercise on markers of mucosal immunity. Front Biosci 2009;14:4444-56.
4. Clucas DB, Carville KS, Connors C, Currie BJ, Carapetis JR, Andrews RM. Disease burden and health-care clinic attendances for young children in remote Aboriginal communities of northern Australia. Bull World Health Organ 2008 Apr;86(4):275-81.
5. Kubala E, Strzelecka P, Grzegocka M, Lietz-Kijak D, Gronwald H, Skomro P, et al. A review of selected studies that determine the physical and chemical properties of saliva in the field of dental treatment. Biomed Res Int 2018 May 9;2018:6572381.
6. Guilhem G, Hanon C, Gendreau N, Bonneau D, Guével A, Chennaoui M. Salivary hormones response to preparation and pre-competitive training of world-class level athletes. Front Physiol 2015;6:333.
7. Farzanaki P, Azarbayjani MA, Rasaee MJ, Jourkesh M, Ostojic SM, Stannard S. Salivary immunoglobulin a and cortisol response to training in young elite female gymnasts. Brazilian J Biomotricity 2008;2(4):252-8.
8. Libicz S, Mercier B, Biogu N, Le Gallais D, Castex F. Salivary IgA response of triathletes participating in the French Iron Tour. Int J Sports Med 2006;27(5):389-94.
9. Laing SJ, Gwynne D, Blackwell J, Wiliams M, Walters R, Walsh NP. Salivary IgA response to prolonged exercise in a hot environment in trained cyclist. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005;93(5-6):665-71.
10. King D, Lamb A, Carrillo A , Appasamy P. Effects of exercise and anxiety on salivary IgA production in female college athletes (MUC9P.820) J Immunol 2014;192 (1 Supplement).
11. Francis JL, Gleeson M, Pyne DB, Callister R, Clancy RL. Variation of salivary immunoglobulins in exercising and sedentary populations. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005;37(4):571-8.
12. Barrett S, Storey A, HarrisonM. The effect of exercise mode on salivary IgA secretion in high level triathletes.  J Science Cycling 2014;3(2):3.
13. Klentrou P, Cieslak T, MacNeil M, Vintinner A, Plyley M. Effect of moderate exercise on salivary immunoglobulin A and infection risk in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2002;87(2):153-8.
14. McKune AJ, Starzak D, Semple SJ. Repeated bouts of eccentrically biased endurance exercise stimulate salivary .IgA secretion rate. Biol Sport 2015;32(1):21-5.
15. Sari-Sarraf V, ReillyT, Doran DA, Atkinson G. The effects of single and repeated bouts of soccer-specific exercise on salivary IgA. Arch Oral Biol 2007;52(6):526-32.
16. Asadbakhti A, Choobineh S, Kordi M. The effect of a soccer-specific exercise protocol on salivary IgA, IgG, IgM and cortisol in male athletes. Sport Physiology (research on sport science) 2012;4(15):83-96.
17. Li TL, Rush B. The effects of prolonged strenuous exercise on salivary secretion of IgA subclasses in men. IntJ Sport Exercise Science 2009;1(3):69-74.
18-Dimitriou L, Sharp N, Doherty M. Circadian effects on the acute responses of salivary cortisol and IgA in well trained swimmers. Br J Sports Med 2002;36(4):260-4.
19. Davison G, Allgrove J, Gleeson M. Salivary antimicrobial peptides (LL-37 and alpha-defensins HNP1–3), antimicrobial and IgA responses to prolonged exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009;106(2):277-84.
20. Proctor GB, Garrett JR, Carpenter GH, Ebersole LE. Salivary secretion of immunoglobulin A by submandibular glands in response to autonomimetic infusions in anaesthetised rats. J Neuroimmunol 2003;136(1-2): 17-24.
21. Khan SF, Katti G, Baba I, Khan N. Age-related changes of salivary IgA among healthy subjects. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2015;27(2):203-6.
22. Ahmadiafshar A, Mohsenifard MR, Mazloomzadeh S. Evaluation of serum & salivary IgA levels in patients with type 1 diabetes melitus. PLoS One 2015;10(4):e0122757.
23. Klein SL. Sex influences immune responses to viruses, and efficacy of prophylaxis and therapeutic treatments for viral diseases. Bioessays 2012 Dec;34(12):1050-9.